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Neuromodulation and the balance between goal-directed and reactive behavior
Abstract: Striking an adaptive balance between persistently pursuing goals and reacting quickly to important environmental events is essential for survival. Here, I will discuss the role of neuromodulation in regulating this balance, and will describe our recent work using optical methods to monitor and control the activity of serotonin and dopamine neurons in freely behaving mice. First, I will present evidence that phasic activity in dorsal raphe serotonin neurons promotes fast, state-dependent behavioral/emotional reactions, and will discuss the implications of these findings for the therapeutic efficacy of drugs that target the serotonin system. Then, I will discuss ventral tegmental area dopamine neural activity during approach to goals and the use of an internal model of progress.